Film: Kodak T-Max 400
since: 2018/10/07
update: 2019/01/01
reference:
1. KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 400 Film
2. Kodak Professional T-Max 400 Black and White Negative
3. KODAK Safelight Filters
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EXPOSURE
曝光
The nominal speed of KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 400 Film is EI 400. It was determined in a manner published in ISO standards. Because of its great latitude, you can underexpose this film by one stop (at EI 800) and still obtain high quality with normal development in most developers. There will be no change in the grain in the final print, but there will be a slight loss of shadow detail and a reduction in printing contrast of about one-half paper grade.
KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 400薄膜的標稱速度為EI 400.它以ISO標準中公佈的方式確定。由於它具有很大的自由度，你可以在一站式（EI 800）下曝光這部電影，並且在大多數開發人員的正常開發中仍能獲得高質量。最終印花中的紋理沒有變化，但是陰影細節會有輕微的損失，紙張等級的印刷對比度會降低一半左右。
When you need very high speed, you can expose T-MAX 400 Film at EI 1600 and increase the development time. With the longer development time, there will be an increase in contrast and graininess with additional loss of shadow detail, but negatives will still produce good prints. You can even expose this film at EI 3200 with a longer development time. Underexposing by three stops and using three-stop push-processing produces a further increase in contrast and graininess, and additional loss of shadow detail, but the results will be acceptable for some applications.
當您需要非常高的速度時，可以在EI 1600上曝光T-MAX 400膠片並增加開發時間。隨著開發時間的延長，對比度和顆粒度會隨著陰影細節的額外損失而增加，但負片仍會產生良好的印刷效果。您甚至可以在EI 3200上以更長的開發時間曝光這部電影。三次停止曝光並使用三次推式處理會使對比度和顆粒度進一步增加，並減少陰影細節，但結果對於某些應用來說是可以接受的。
The speed numbers for this film are expressed as Exposure Indexes (EI). Use these exposure indexes with meters or cameras marked for ISO⁄ASA or ISO⁄DIN speeds in daylight or artificial light.
該電影的速度數字表示為曝光指數（EI）。在日光或人造光下使用標記為ISO/ASA或ISO / DIN速度的儀表或相機的這些曝光指數。
The developer you use to process this film affects the exposure index. Set your camera or meter (marked for ISO⁄ASA or ISO⁄DIN speeds) at the speed for your developer given in the table.
用於處理此影片的開發人員會影響曝光指數。 按照表格中給出的開發人員的速度設置相機或儀表（標記為ISO/ASA或ISO / DIN速度）。
Under most conditions, you’ll obtain highest quality with normal exposure at the rated exposure index and normal development. For high-contrast scenes, you’ll obtain highest quality if you increase exposure by one or two stops and process the film normally.
在大多數情況下，您將在額定暴露指數和正常發育時獲得正常暴露的最高質量。 對於高對比度場景，如果增加一到兩次曝光並正常處理膠片，您將獲得最高質量。
If normal development produces negatives that are consistently too low in contrast, increase the development time slightly (10 to 15 percent). If negatives are too contrasty, decrease the development time slightly (10 to 15 percent). See “Adjusting Film Contrast.”
如果正常開發產生的對比度一直過低，則會略微增加開發時間（10％到15％）。 如果負面影響太大，則會略微縮短開發時間（10％到15％）。 請參閱“調整膠片對比度”。
If your negatives are too thin, increase exposure by using a lower exposure index; if too dense, reduce exposure by using a higher exposure index.
如果您的底片太薄，請使用較低的曝光指數來增加曝光; 如果太濃，可以通過使用更高的曝光指數來減少曝光。
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Pushing Exposure* with KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX Developer, KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX RS Developer and Replenisher, and KODAK PROFESSIONAL XTOL Developer
使用 KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 開發人員，柯達專業 T-MAX RS 開發人員和補充系統以及柯達專業 XTOL 開發人員進行曝光*
Pushing exposure results in slight losses of quality compared with normal exposure and normal processing. You can also use other Kodak developers for pushing this film; however, T-MAX Developer, T-MAX RS Developer and Replenisher, and XTOL Developer produce higher-quality tone reproduction (better shadow detail) under these conditions.
與正常曝光和正常處理相比，推動曝光會導致輕微的質量損失。 你也可以使用其他柯達開發者來推動這部電影; 然而，在這些條件下，T-MAX Developer，T-MAX RS Developer和Replenisher以及 XTOL Developer 可以產生更高質量的色調再現（更好的陰影細節）。
For high-contrast scenes, such as spotlighted performers under harsh lighting, expose and process as indicated in the table. However, when detail in the deep-shadow areas is important to the scene, increase exposure by 2 stops and process your film normally.
對於高對比度場景，例如在嚴酷照明下的聚光燈表演，曝光和處理，如表中所示。 但是，當深陰影區域的細節對場景很重要時，將曝光增加 2檔 並正常處理你的電影。
Pushing exposure and processing by 3 stops increases contrast and graininess and decreases shadow detail further. Expose and process a test roll to determine if the results are acceptable for your needs.
通過 3次停止推動曝光和處理可以增加對比度和顆粒度，並進一步減少陰影細節。 暴露並處理測試卷以確定結果是否可滿足您的需求。
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Adjustments for Long and Short Exposures
長短曝光的調整
At the exposure times in the table below, compensate for the reciprocity characteristics of this film by increasing the exposure as shown.
在下表中的曝光時間，通過增加曝光來補償該薄膜的互易特性，如圖所示。
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PROCESSING
處理
目前使用:
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PUSH PROCESSING
推動加工
Push processing allows film to be exposed at higher speeds, however, push processing will not produce optimum quality. There will be some loss in shadow detail, an increase in graininess, and an increase in contrast. The degree of these effects varies from slight to very significant depending on the amount of underexposure and push processing. The results are usually excellent with a 2-stop push, and acceptable with 3-stop push depending on the lighting and the scene contrast.
推動處理允許膠片以更高的速度曝光，然而，推動處理將不會產生最佳質量。 陰影細節會有一些損失，顆粒感增加，對比度增加。 這些影響的程度從輕微到非常顯著，取決於曝光不足和推動處理的量。 結果通常是兩次推動時非常出色，並且根據照明和場景對比度可以接受三次推動。
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Spectral-Sensitivity Curves
光譜靈敏度曲線
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update: 2019/01/01
reference:
1. KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 400 Film
2. Kodak Professional T-Max 400 Black and White Negative
3. KODAK Safelight Filters
EXPOSURE
曝光
The nominal speed of KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 400 Film is EI 400. It was determined in a manner published in ISO standards. Because of its great latitude, you can underexpose this film by one stop (at EI 800) and still obtain high quality with normal development in most developers. There will be no change in the grain in the final print, but there will be a slight loss of shadow detail and a reduction in printing contrast of about one-half paper grade.
KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 400薄膜的標稱速度為EI 400.它以ISO標準中公佈的方式確定。由於它具有很大的自由度，你可以在一站式（EI 800）下曝光這部電影，並且在大多數開發人員的正常開發中仍能獲得高質量。最終印花中的紋理沒有變化，但是陰影細節會有輕微的損失，紙張等級的印刷對比度會降低一半左右。
When you need very high speed, you can expose T-MAX 400 Film at EI 1600 and increase the development time. With the longer development time, there will be an increase in contrast and graininess with additional loss of shadow detail, but negatives will still produce good prints. You can even expose this film at EI 3200 with a longer development time. Underexposing by three stops and using three-stop push-processing produces a further increase in contrast and graininess, and additional loss of shadow detail, but the results will be acceptable for some applications.
當您需要非常高的速度時，可以在EI 1600上曝光T-MAX 400膠片並增加開發時間。隨著開發時間的延長，對比度和顆粒度會隨著陰影細節的額外損失而增加，但負片仍會產生良好的印刷效果。您甚至可以在EI 3200上以更長的開發時間曝光這部電影。三次停止曝光並使用三次推式處理會使對比度和顆粒度進一步增加，並減少陰影細節，但結果對於某些應用來說是可以接受的。
The speed numbers for this film are expressed as Exposure Indexes (EI). Use these exposure indexes with meters or cameras marked for ISO⁄ASA or ISO⁄DIN speeds in daylight or artificial light.
該電影的速度數字表示為曝光指數（EI）。在日光或人造光下使用標記為ISO/ASA或ISO / DIN速度的儀表或相機的這些曝光指數。
The developer you use to process this film affects the exposure index. Set your camera or meter (marked for ISO⁄ASA or ISO⁄DIN speeds) at the speed for your developer given in the table.
用於處理此影片的開發人員會影響曝光指數。 按照表格中給出的開發人員的速度設置相機或儀表（標記為ISO/ASA或ISO / DIN速度）。
在大多數情況下，您將在額定暴露指數和正常發育時獲得正常暴露的最高質量。 對於高對比度場景，如果增加一到兩次曝光並正常處理膠片，您將獲得最高質量。
If normal development produces negatives that are consistently too low in contrast, increase the development time slightly (10 to 15 percent). If negatives are too contrasty, decrease the development time slightly (10 to 15 percent). See “Adjusting Film Contrast.”
如果正常開發產生的對比度一直過低，則會略微增加開發時間（10％到15％）。 如果負面影響太大，則會略微縮短開發時間（10％到15％）。 請參閱“調整膠片對比度”。
If your negatives are too thin, increase exposure by using a lower exposure index; if too dense, reduce exposure by using a higher exposure index.
如果您的底片太薄，請使用較低的曝光指數來增加曝光; 如果太濃，可以通過使用更高的曝光指數來減少曝光。
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Pushing Exposure* with KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX Developer, KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX RS Developer and Replenisher, and KODAK PROFESSIONAL XTOL Developer
使用 KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 開發人員，柯達專業 T-MAX RS 開發人員和補充系統以及柯達專業 XTOL 開發人員進行曝光*
與正常曝光和正常處理相比，推動曝光會導致輕微的質量損失。 你也可以使用其他柯達開發者來推動這部電影; 然而，在這些條件下，T-MAX Developer，T-MAX RS Developer和Replenisher以及 XTOL Developer 可以產生更高質量的色調再現（更好的陰影細節）。
For high-contrast scenes, such as spotlighted performers under harsh lighting, expose and process as indicated in the table. However, when detail in the deep-shadow areas is important to the scene, increase exposure by 2 stops and process your film normally.
對於高對比度場景，例如在嚴酷照明下的聚光燈表演，曝光和處理，如表中所示。 但是，當深陰影區域的細節對場景很重要時，將曝光增加 2檔 並正常處理你的電影。
Pushing exposure and processing by 3 stops increases contrast and graininess and decreases shadow detail further. Expose and process a test roll to determine if the results are acceptable for your needs.
通過 3次停止推動曝光和處理可以增加對比度和顆粒度，並進一步減少陰影細節。 暴露並處理測試卷以確定結果是否可滿足您的需求。
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Adjustments for Long and Short Exposures
長短曝光的調整
At the exposure times in the table below, compensate for the reciprocity characteristics of this film by increasing the exposure as shown.
在下表中的曝光時間，通過增加曝光來補償該薄膜的互易特性，如圖所示。
PROCESSING
處理
PUSH PROCESSING
推動加工
Push processing allows film to be exposed at higher speeds, however, push processing will not produce optimum quality. There will be some loss in shadow detail, an increase in graininess, and an increase in contrast. The degree of these effects varies from slight to very significant depending on the amount of underexposure and push processing. The results are usually excellent with a 2-stop push, and acceptable with 3-stop push depending on the lighting and the scene contrast.
推動處理允許膠片以更高的速度曝光，然而，推動處理將不會產生最佳質量。 陰影細節會有一些損失，顆粒感增加，對比度增加。 這些影響的程度從輕微到非常顯著，取決於曝光不足和推動處理的量。 結果通常是兩次推動時非常出色，並且根據照明和場景對比度可以接受三次推動。
Spectral-Sensitivity Curves
光譜靈敏度曲線
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