Film: Kodak T-Max 100
since: 2018/06/18
update: 2018/11/20
reference:
1. KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film - Kodak Alaris
2. Kodak Professional T-Max 100 Black and White Negative
3. A few ideas on using Kodak T-Max Films Successfully by John Sexton
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TECHNICAL DATA / BLACK-AND-WHITE FILM
技術數據/黑白電影
KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film ⁄ 100TMX is a continuous-tone panchromatic black-and-white negative film for general outdoor and indoor photography.
柯達專業T-MAX 100 Film / 100TMX是一款連續色調的全色黑白負片，適用於一般室外和室內拍攝。
It is especially useful for detailed subjects when you need maximum image quality. It is also excellent for copying black-and-white photographs, for making black-and-white copies from color transparencies, and for photomicrography.
當您需要最高圖像質量時，它對於詳細的主題特別有用。 對於復印黑白照片，從彩色透明膠片進行黑白複印以及進行顯微攝影也非常有用。
This film features medium speed (ISO 100/21° in most developers), extremely high sharpness, extremely fine grain, and very high resolving power. It allows a very high degree of enlargement.
這種薄膜具有中速（大多數開發人員的ISO 100/21°），極高的清晰度，極細的顆粒和非常高的分辨率。 它允許非常高度的擴大。
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EXPOSURE
曝光
The nominal speed of KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film is EI 100. It was determined in a manner published in ISO standards. Exposing the film at EI 100 should usually lead to the minimum exposure required to produce negatives of very high quality (see the following table). This film has good latitude and responds well to changes in development time. For consistent results, use the rated speed or make tests to determine a speed rating that meets your needs.
KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film的標稱速度為EI 100，以ISO標準發布的方式確定。 在EI 100下曝光膠片應該通常導致產生非常高質量底片所需的最小曝光量（參見下表）。 這部電影具有良好的自由度，對發展時間的變化有很好的反應。 為獲得一致的結果，請使用額定速度或進行測試以確定滿足您需求的速度等級。
Under most conditions, you’ll obtain highest quality with normal exposure at the rated exposure index and normal development. For high-contrast scenes, you’ll obtain highest quality if you increase exposure by one or two stops and process the film normally.
在大多數情況下，在額定曝光指數和正常發展條件下，您將獲得正常曝光的最高質量。 對於高對比度的場景，如果您將曝光量提高一到兩檔並正常處理膠片，您將獲得最高質量。
If normal development produces negatives that are consistently too low in contrast, increase the development time slightly (10 to 15 percent). If negatives are too contrasty, decrease the development time slightly (10 to 15 percent). See “Adjusting Film Contrast.”
如果正常開發產生的負片反差太低，則會稍微增加開發時間（10％到15％）。 如果底片反差太大，請稍微減少顯影時間（10至15％）。 請參閱“調整膠片對比度”。
If your negatives are too thin, increase exposure by using a lower exposure index; if too dense, reduce exposure by using a higher exposure index.
如果您的底片過薄，請使用較低的曝光指數來增加曝光; 如果過於密集，則通過使用較高的暴露指數來減少暴露。
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PROCESSING
處理
These starting-point recommendations are intended to produce negatives with a contrast appropriate for printing with a diffusion enlarger. To print negatives with a condenser enlarger, you may need to adjust the contrast by reducing your development time; see “Adjusting Film Contrast.” Tank development times shorter than 5 minutes may produce unsatisfactory uniformity.
這些出發點建議旨在產生具有適合用擴散放大器打印的對比度的底片。 要使用聚光器放大器打印底片，您可能需要通過縮短開發時間來調整對比度; 請參閱“調整膠片對比度”。短於5分鐘的儲存罐顯影時間可能會產生令人不滿意的均勻性。
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MANUAL PROCESSING
手動加工
Small-Tank Processing (8- or 16-ounce tank)—Rolls
小罐加工（8或16盎司罐） - 卷
With small single- or double-reel tanks, drop the loaded film reel into the developer and attach the top to the tank. Firmly tap the tank on the top of the work surface to dislodge any air bubbles. Provide initial agitation of 5 to 7 inversion cycles in 5 seconds, i.e., extend your arm and vigorously twist your wrist 180 degrees. Then repeat this agitation procedure at 30-second intervals for the rest of the development time.
使用小型單卷或雙捲軸箱時，將裝入的膠片捲軸放入顯影劑中，並將頂部安裝到箱體上。 用力輕敲工作表面頂部的油箱，清除任何氣泡。 在5秒鐘內提供5到7次反轉週期的初始攪動，即伸展手臂並大力扭動手腕180度。然後在剩餘的開發時間內以30秒的間隔重複此攪動過程。
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大型儲罐加工（1/2至3 1/2加侖儲罐） - 卷材和片材
Agitate continuously for the first 15 to 30 seconds by raising and lowering the basket, rack, or spindle 1/2 inch. Do not agitate the basket, rack, or spindle for the remainder of the first minute. Then agitate once per minute by lifting the basket, rack, or spindle out of the developer, tilting it approximately 30 degrees, draining it for 5 to 10 seconds, and reimmersing it. Alternate the direction of tilting the basket, rack, or spindle.
通過升高和降低籃筐，機架或主軸1/2英寸，連續攪拌前15到30秒。 在第一分鐘的剩餘時間內不要攪動籃筐，支架或紡錘。 然後通過將籃子，支架或主軸從顯影器中提起，每分鐘攪動一次，將其傾斜約30度，將其排幹5至10秒，然後重新進行。 交替傾斜籃子，架子或主軸的方向。
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Tray Processing—Sheets
托盤處理表
Provide continuous agitation; rotate the sheets 90 degrees as you interleave them. Prewetting sheet film may improve tray process uniformity
提供持續的激勵; 在交錯時將紙張旋轉90度。 預潤濕片材膜可以改善托盤工藝的均勻性。
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Rotary-Tube Processing—Rolls and Sheets
旋轉管加工 - 捲和頁
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心得:
1. 使用 HC-110 顯影劑來稀釋補償, 建議最大稀釋比為 1: 255; 較佳為: 1:127.
a. 計時: 藥水開始倒入底片中計時開始; 時間到前 10 ~ 15 秒將藥水倒出.
(可提前 5 秒稍微搖晃一下)
b. 搖晃: 前1分鐘持續搖晃(前10秒搖劇烈一些), 之後每 2分 45 秒, 搖晃 15 秒.
c. 以 1:127 為例; HC-110(B 1:31) 顯影時間建議 5 分 45 秒; 1:127 原始顯影時間
為 (5分 45秒) x 2 x 2 = (11 分 30 秒) x 2 = 23 分; 可以降至 18 ~ 20 分.
update: 2018/11/20
reference:
1. KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film - Kodak Alaris
2. Kodak Professional T-Max 100 Black and White Negative
3. A few ideas on using Kodak T-Max Films Successfully by John Sexton
TECHNICAL DATA / BLACK-AND-WHITE FILM
技術數據/黑白電影
KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film ⁄ 100TMX is a continuous-tone panchromatic black-and-white negative film for general outdoor and indoor photography.
柯達專業T-MAX 100 Film / 100TMX是一款連續色調的全色黑白負片，適用於一般室外和室內拍攝。
It is especially useful for detailed subjects when you need maximum image quality. It is also excellent for copying black-and-white photographs, for making black-and-white copies from color transparencies, and for photomicrography.
當您需要最高圖像質量時，它對於詳細的主題特別有用。 對於復印黑白照片，從彩色透明膠片進行黑白複印以及進行顯微攝影也非常有用。
This film features medium speed (ISO 100/21° in most developers), extremely high sharpness, extremely fine grain, and very high resolving power. It allows a very high degree of enlargement.
這種薄膜具有中速（大多數開發人員的ISO 100/21°），極高的清晰度，極細的顆粒和非常高的分辨率。 它允許非常高度的擴大。
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EXPOSURE
曝光
The nominal speed of KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film is EI 100. It was determined in a manner published in ISO standards. Exposing the film at EI 100 should usually lead to the minimum exposure required to produce negatives of very high quality (see the following table). This film has good latitude and responds well to changes in development time. For consistent results, use the rated speed or make tests to determine a speed rating that meets your needs.
KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film的標稱速度為EI 100，以ISO標準發布的方式確定。 在EI 100下曝光膠片應該通常導致產生非常高質量底片所需的最小曝光量（參見下表）。 這部電影具有良好的自由度，對發展時間的變化有很好的反應。 為獲得一致的結果，請使用額定速度或進行測試以確定滿足您需求的速度等級。
Under most conditions, you’ll obtain highest quality with normal exposure at the rated exposure index and normal development. For high-contrast scenes, you’ll obtain highest quality if you increase exposure by one or two stops and process the film normally.
在大多數情況下，在額定曝光指數和正常發展條件下，您將獲得正常曝光的最高質量。 對於高對比度的場景，如果您將曝光量提高一到兩檔並正常處理膠片，您將獲得最高質量。
If normal development produces negatives that are consistently too low in contrast, increase the development time slightly (10 to 15 percent). If negatives are too contrasty, decrease the development time slightly (10 to 15 percent). See “Adjusting Film Contrast.”
如果正常開發產生的負片反差太低，則會稍微增加開發時間（10％到15％）。 如果底片反差太大，請稍微減少顯影時間（10至15％）。 請參閱“調整膠片對比度”。
If your negatives are too thin, increase exposure by using a lower exposure index; if too dense, reduce exposure by using a higher exposure index.
如果您的底片過薄，請使用較低的曝光指數來增加曝光; 如果過於密集，則通過使用較高的暴露指數來減少暴露。
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PROCESSING
處理
These starting-point recommendations are intended to produce negatives with a contrast appropriate for printing with a diffusion enlarger. To print negatives with a condenser enlarger, you may need to adjust the contrast by reducing your development time; see “Adjusting Film Contrast.” Tank development times shorter than 5 minutes may produce unsatisfactory uniformity.
這些出發點建議旨在產生具有適合用擴散放大器打印的對比度的底片。 要使用聚光器放大器打印底片，您可能需要通過縮短開發時間來調整對比度; 請參閱“調整膠片對比度”。短於5分鐘的儲存罐顯影時間可能會產生令人不滿意的均勻性。
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MANUAL PROCESSING
手動加工
Small-Tank Processing (8- or 16-ounce tank)—Rolls
小罐加工（8或16盎司罐） - 卷
With small single- or double-reel tanks, drop the loaded film reel into the developer and attach the top to the tank. Firmly tap the tank on the top of the work surface to dislodge any air bubbles. Provide initial agitation of 5 to 7 inversion cycles in 5 seconds, i.e., extend your arm and vigorously twist your wrist 180 degrees. Then repeat this agitation procedure at 30-second intervals for the rest of the development time.
使用小型單卷或雙捲軸箱時，將裝入的膠片捲軸放入顯影劑中，並將頂部安裝到箱體上。 用力輕敲工作表面頂部的油箱，清除任何氣泡。 在5秒鐘內提供5到7次反轉週期的初始攪動，即伸展手臂並大力扭動手腕180度。然後在剩餘的開發時間內以30秒的間隔重複此攪動過程。
Large-Tank Processing (1/2- to 3 1/2-gallon
tank)—Rolls and Sheets
大型儲罐加工（1/2至3 1/2加侖儲罐） - 卷材和片材
Agitate continuously for the first 15 to 30 seconds by raising and lowering the basket, rack, or spindle 1/2 inch. Do not agitate the basket, rack, or spindle for the remainder of the first minute. Then agitate once per minute by lifting the basket, rack, or spindle out of the developer, tilting it approximately 30 degrees, draining it for 5 to 10 seconds, and reimmersing it. Alternate the direction of tilting the basket, rack, or spindle.
通過升高和降低籃筐，機架或主軸1/2英寸，連續攪拌前15到30秒。 在第一分鐘的剩餘時間內不要攪動籃筐，支架或紡錘。 然後通過將籃子，支架或主軸從顯影器中提起，每分鐘攪動一次，將其傾斜約30度，將其排幹5至10秒，然後重新進行。 交替傾斜籃子，架子或主軸的方向。
Tray Processing—Sheets
托盤處理表
Provide continuous agitation; rotate the sheets 90 degrees as you interleave them. Prewetting sheet film may improve tray process uniformity
提供持續的激勵; 在交錯時將紙張旋轉90度。 預潤濕片材膜可以改善托盤工藝的均勻性。
Rotary-Tube Processing—Rolls and Sheets
旋轉管加工 - 捲和頁
心得:
1. 使用 HC-110 顯影劑來稀釋補償, 建議最大稀釋比為 1: 255; 較佳為: 1:127.
a. 計時: 藥水開始倒入底片中計時開始; 時間到前 10 ~ 15 秒將藥水倒出.
(可提前 5 秒稍微搖晃一下)
b. 搖晃: 前1分鐘持續搖晃(前10秒搖劇烈一些), 之後每 2分 45 秒, 搖晃 15 秒.
c. 以 1:127 為例; HC-110(B 1:31) 顯影時間建議 5 分 45 秒; 1:127 原始顯影時間
為 (5分 45秒) x 2 x 2 = (11 分 30 秒) x 2 = 23 分; 可以降至 18 ~ 20 分.
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