藥典: Metol(米吐爾)
since: 2018/08/12
update: 2018/08/12
reference:
1. The Darkroom Cookbook 4th Edition
2. 米吐爾 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書
3. 黑白沖片配方和其安全資料
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Metol(米吐爾)(p.206)
Formulas: Monomethy para-aminophenol sulfate; para-Methylaminophenyl sulfate.
公式：單甲基對氨基苯酚硫酸鹽; 對甲氨基苯基硫酸鹽。
Trade Name: (商品名稱)
Claritol(Defender; half-strength metol), Elon(Kodak), Enol, Genol, Graphol,Metol(Agfa and others), Pictol(Mallinckrodt), Photol(Merck),
Planetol, Rhodol(DuPont), Veritol(Defender).
Appearance: White to slightly yellowish powder.
外觀：白色至微黃色粉末。
Uses:
As a developing agent, usually with hydroquinone, but sometimes by itself, as in Kodak D-23.
用途：
作為顯影劑，通常與對苯二酚一起使用，但有時單獨使用，如Kodak D-23。
Substitutions: Phenidone can be substituted for metol. Start by using approximately 10% of the quantity of metol.
取代：Phenidone 可以代替 metol。 首先使用大約 10％ metol重量的 Phenidone。
Notes:(筆記)
Although metol is easily soluble in water, it is not soluble in a strong sodium sulfite solution.
雖然metol易溶於水，但它不溶於強亞硫酸鈉溶液。
It will dissolve readily in a weak solution of sulfite. Metol builds image detail rapidly, and it keeps well in solution.
它會很容易溶解在亞硫酸鹽的弱溶液中。 Metol可以快速構建圖像細節，並且可以很好地解決問題。
Metol has low-fogging tendencies and responds well to the addition of bromide, giving a very clean-working developer without any staining of either film or fingers.
Metol具有低霧化傾向，並且對溴化物的添加反應良好，得到非常乾淨的顯影劑，沒有任何膠片或手指染色。
The energy of the developer is only slightly affected by low temperature and is only slightly reduced by the addition of bromide.
顯影劑的能量僅受低溫的輕微影響，並且僅通過添加溴化物而略微降低。
Metol alone with either sodium or potassium carbonate gives a rapid-working developer when the alkali is in high concentration, but the speed of development can easily be controlled by dilution.
當鹼處於高濃度時，單獨使用含有碳酸鈉或碳酸鉀的Metol得到快速加工的顯影劑，但是通過稀釋可以容易地控制顯影速度。
The use of caustic alkali(e.g., sodium hydroxide) is not recommended with metol as there is a tendency to excessive fog.
不推薦使用苛性鹼（例如氫氧化鈉），因為存在過度霧化的傾向。
When used with sulfite alone, without additional alkali(Kodak D-23). metol provides a slow-working, fine-grain developer.
單獨使用亞硫酸鹽時，不含額外的鹼（Kodak D-23）。 metol提供了一種緩慢工作的細粒度開發人員。
This type of film developer often works well with a mild alkali, such as borax, which accelerates the rate of development without increating the grain size appreciably(Kodak D-25)
這種類型的薄膜顯影劑通常可以使用溫和的鹼，例如硼砂，可以在不顯著增加粒度的情況下加快顯影速度（柯達D-25）
Developers containing metol as the sole developing agent are not widely used, but metol with hydroquinone provides the most widely used developer combination.
含有metol作為唯一顯影劑的顯影劑沒有廣泛使用，但含有對苯二酚的metol提供了最廣泛使用的顯影劑組合。
Caution:(警告)
Metol has a reputation for causing skin poisoning(a painful rash that looks and feels like poison oak).
Metol以引起皮膚中毒（一種外觀和感覺像毒橡木的疼痛皮疹）而聞名。
It includes severe itching, red rash, and peeling skin.
它包括嚴重的瘙癢，紅色皮疹和皮膚脫皮。
This poisoning usually occurs after being exposed to the substance over a period of years but in some cases can happen even sooner.
這種中毒通常在幾年內暴露於該物質後發生，但在某些情況下甚至可能更快發生。
It is believed that metol poisoning results from trace contamination of para-phenylene-diamine(ppd) in the metol, not from the metol itself.
據信，metol中毒是由metol中的對苯二胺（ppd）的痕量污染引起的，而不是來自metol本身。
Knowledge of this has changed the manufacturing process, and as a result, metol poisoning is less common than it once was.
對此的了解改變了製造過程，因此，metol中毒比以前更少見。
Good-quality metol doed not usually cause a rash. However, some people are still sensitive to even the purest grade of metol.
優質的metol通常不會引起皮疹。 然而，有些人甚至對最純粹的metol仍然敏感。
It is possible to avoid metol poisoning either by wearing protective gloves or by substituting Phenidone.
通過戴防護手套或替代Phenidone可以避免metol中毒。
update: 2018/08/12
reference:
1. The Darkroom Cookbook 4th Edition
2. 米吐爾 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書
3. 黑白沖片配方和其安全資料
Metol(米吐爾)(p.206)
Formulas: Monomethy para-aminophenol sulfate; para-Methylaminophenyl sulfate.
公式：單甲基對氨基苯酚硫酸鹽; 對甲氨基苯基硫酸鹽。
Trade Name: (商品名稱)
Claritol(Defender; half-strength metol), Elon(Kodak), Enol, Genol, Graphol,Metol(Agfa and others), Pictol(Mallinckrodt), Photol(Merck),
Planetol, Rhodol(DuPont), Veritol(Defender).
Appearance: White to slightly yellowish powder.
外觀：白色至微黃色粉末。
Uses:
As a developing agent, usually with hydroquinone, but sometimes by itself, as in Kodak D-23.
用途：
作為顯影劑，通常與對苯二酚一起使用，但有時單獨使用，如Kodak D-23。
Substitutions: Phenidone can be substituted for metol. Start by using approximately 10% of the quantity of metol.
取代：Phenidone 可以代替 metol。 首先使用大約 10％ metol重量的 Phenidone。
Notes:(筆記)
Although metol is easily soluble in water, it is not soluble in a strong sodium sulfite solution.
雖然metol易溶於水，但它不溶於強亞硫酸鈉溶液。
It will dissolve readily in a weak solution of sulfite. Metol builds image detail rapidly, and it keeps well in solution.
它會很容易溶解在亞硫酸鹽的弱溶液中。 Metol可以快速構建圖像細節，並且可以很好地解決問題。
Metol has low-fogging tendencies and responds well to the addition of bromide, giving a very clean-working developer without any staining of either film or fingers.
Metol具有低霧化傾向，並且對溴化物的添加反應良好，得到非常乾淨的顯影劑，沒有任何膠片或手指染色。
The energy of the developer is only slightly affected by low temperature and is only slightly reduced by the addition of bromide.
顯影劑的能量僅受低溫的輕微影響，並且僅通過添加溴化物而略微降低。
Metol alone with either sodium or potassium carbonate gives a rapid-working developer when the alkali is in high concentration, but the speed of development can easily be controlled by dilution.
當鹼處於高濃度時，單獨使用含有碳酸鈉或碳酸鉀的Metol得到快速加工的顯影劑，但是通過稀釋可以容易地控制顯影速度。
The use of caustic alkali(e.g., sodium hydroxide) is not recommended with metol as there is a tendency to excessive fog.
不推薦使用苛性鹼（例如氫氧化鈉），因為存在過度霧化的傾向。
When used with sulfite alone, without additional alkali(Kodak D-23). metol provides a slow-working, fine-grain developer.
單獨使用亞硫酸鹽時，不含額外的鹼（Kodak D-23）。 metol提供了一種緩慢工作的細粒度開發人員。
This type of film developer often works well with a mild alkali, such as borax, which accelerates the rate of development without increating the grain size appreciably(Kodak D-25)
這種類型的薄膜顯影劑通常可以使用溫和的鹼，例如硼砂，可以在不顯著增加粒度的情況下加快顯影速度（柯達D-25）
Developers containing metol as the sole developing agent are not widely used, but metol with hydroquinone provides the most widely used developer combination.
含有metol作為唯一顯影劑的顯影劑沒有廣泛使用，但含有對苯二酚的metol提供了最廣泛使用的顯影劑組合。
Caution:(警告)
Metol has a reputation for causing skin poisoning(a painful rash that looks and feels like poison oak).
Metol以引起皮膚中毒（一種外觀和感覺像毒橡木的疼痛皮疹）而聞名。
It includes severe itching, red rash, and peeling skin.
它包括嚴重的瘙癢，紅色皮疹和皮膚脫皮。
This poisoning usually occurs after being exposed to the substance over a period of years but in some cases can happen even sooner.
這種中毒通常在幾年內暴露於該物質後發生，但在某些情況下甚至可能更快發生。
It is believed that metol poisoning results from trace contamination of para-phenylene-diamine(ppd) in the metol, not from the metol itself.
據信，metol中毒是由metol中的對苯二胺（ppd）的痕量污染引起的，而不是來自metol本身。
Knowledge of this has changed the manufacturing process, and as a result, metol poisoning is less common than it once was.
對此的了解改變了製造過程，因此，metol中毒比以前更少見。
Good-quality metol doed not usually cause a rash. However, some people are still sensitive to even the purest grade of metol.
優質的metol通常不會引起皮疹。 然而，有些人甚至對最純粹的metol仍然敏感。
It is possible to avoid metol poisoning either by wearing protective gloves or by substituting Phenidone.
通過戴防護手套或替代Phenidone可以避免metol中毒。
留言
張貼留言